Regulatory Governance Initiative - Ottawa - rapport avril 2009

La "Regulatory Governance Initiative" de l'Université de Carleton d'Ottawa, dans l'Ontario, vient de publier un rapport intitulé "International Approaches to the Regulatory Governance of Nanotechnology".

Rédigé par Jennifer Pelley et Marc Saner, ce rapport se penche sur la question suivante : "Comment le Canada et d'autres systèmes juridiques ont-ils réagi à l'émergence de produits provenant des nanotechnologies sur leurs marchés (et quel est l'état de la régulation en la matière)?" 

L'étude porte sur 5 systèmes juridiques considérés comme clés: les Etats-Unis, le Royaume-Uni, l'Union européenne, l'Australie et le Canada.  Il est disponible ici en langue anglaise.

The perspective applied is that of regulatory governance i.e. looking at the process whereby governments, industry and civil society make decisions about how to regulate (or otherwise influence the course of) nanotechnology, determine whom they involve, and how they render account. Important questions from the perspective of regulatory governance are:

•  Which key event or events triggered debate, stakeholder consultations or policy development and how did jurisdictions involve the public and stakeholders?
•  How have countries dealt with policy options? For example, have they swiftly moved to the development of regulations or did they carefully consider or use other policy instruments? How have jurisdictions addressed the issue of regulatory impact?
•  How have the various jurisdictions addressed the conundrum that evidence-based regulatory action should be based on safety data but that such safety data is hard to obtain in the absence of established regulations?

For each jurisdiction, the authors provide descriptions of the policy, regulatory and stewardship approaches undertaken to date in response to the emergence of nanotechnology onto the marketplace. Where known, comments on the effectiveness of approaches utilised to date are offered. Pelly and Saner also discuss the strategies adopted in each jurisdiction to consult with stakeholders and outline key events and key players in the ongoing nanotechnology public policy debate. Where possible, up-to-date information has been included in the descriptions (up to March 2009) in order to provide an understanding of the current state of regulation in the five jurisdictions.

Finally, the authors provide a brief overview of international-level activities ongoing by member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) relating to manufactured nanomaterials. The report concludes with a comparison of regulatory governance approaches across jurisdictions and an analysis of the best practices that may be deduced from experiences to date.